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Warp Routes: Types

Warp routes are Hyperlane's implementation of token bridging, allowing for permissionless transfer of native, ERC20, and synthetic (newly deployed ERC20) assets across any chain via Hyperlane. This document provides details on all warp route types.

Warp Route TypeDescription
Native Token Warp RoutesEnables direct transfers of native gas tokens (e.g., ETH) across chains without wrapping.
Collateral-Backed ERC20Locks ERC20 tokens as collateral on the source chain for cross-chain transfers.
Synthetic ERC20Mints new ERC20 tokens on the destination chain to represent the original tokens.
Specialized Warp RoutesAdds advanced features or integrates with specific use cases (e.g., vaults, fiat-backed tokens.)

Please note that this document does not include ERC721 warp routes.

Core Warp Route Types​

Native Token Warp Routes​

Implemented in HypNative.sol, native warp routes handle the transfer of native gas tokens (e.g. ETH on Ethereum or Arbitrum, MNT on Mantle) across different chains.

Features​

  • Directly transfers native tokens without wrapping.
  • Uses msg.value for transfer amount.
  • Handles excess msg.value as hook payment.
  • Supports donations through a receive() function.

See the implementation for more details.

Collateral-Backed ERC20 Warp Routes​

Implemented in HypERC20Collateral.sol, collateral warp routes enable the transfer of ERC20 tokens across chains by locking them as collateral.

Features​

  • Wraps existing ERC20 tokens as collateral for transfers.
  • Locks tokens in the contract on the source chain.
  • Releases equivalent tokens on the destination chain.
  • Uses SafeERC20 for secure token transfers.

See the implementation for more details.

Synthetic ERC20 Warp Routes​

Implemented in HypERC20.sol, synthetic warp routes create new tokens on destination chains that represent tokens from the origin chain.

Features​

  • Maintains consistent total supply across all chains.
  • Supports custom token attributes (name, symbol, decimals).
  • Mints new tokens on the destination chain.
  • Burns tokens on the source chain when transferred back.

See the implementation for more details.

Advanced Features​

TokenRouter Functionality​

All warp routes extend the TokenRouter contract, which provides the core functionality for warp route token transfers.

Features​

  1. Message Structure: Uses TokenMessage library for encoding and decoding token transfer messages.
  2. Transfer Initiation: transferRemote function initiates cross-chain transfers.
  3. Message Handling: _handle function processes incoming transfer messages.
  4. Abstract Methods:
    • _transferFromSender: Implemented by all warp routes to handle token collection.
    • _transferTo: Implemented by all warp routes to handle token distribution.

TokenMessage Format​

[32 bytes for recipient][32 bytes for amount][remaining bytes for metadata]

This standardized format ensures consistent handling across different warp route implementations while allowing for extensibility through metadata.

See the implementation for more details.

FastTokenRouter Transfers​

Implemented in FastTokenRouter.sol, this router extends TokenRouter and provides faster token transfers through a liquidity provider mechanism.

Features​

  • Allows liquidity providers to fulfill transfer requests before message processing.
  • Includes a fastFee to incentivize liquidity providers.
  • Introduces fastTransferId for unique transfer identification.

See the implementation for more details.

Specialized Warp Route Extensions​

1. Fast Collateral Transfers (FastHypERC20Collateral)​

  • Combines fast transfer capabilities with collateral-backed ERC20 functionality.
  • See the implementation for more details.

2. Vault Integration (HypERC4626OwnerCollateral, HypERC4626Collateral)​

3. Fiat-Backed Tokens (HypFiatToken)​

  • Designed for stablecoins and other fiat-backed tokens, implementing specific mint and burn operations.
  • See the implementation for more details.

4. Scaled Native Tokens (HypNativeScaled)​

  • Scales native token values for consistency across chains with different decimals.
  • See the implementation for more details.

5. xERC20 Integration (HypXERC20 & HypXERC20Lockbox)​

References​

For setup examples & use cases, check out Warp Routes: Example Usage.